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Gout - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
Gout is a common form of arthritis that can affect anyone. It's known for sudden attacks of intense pain, swelling, redness and tenderness in one or more joints. The big toe is the joint most affected. An attack of gout may happen suddenly, often in the middle of the night. The big toe might feel ...

Gout: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment - Cleveland Clinic
Gout is a form of arthritis that causes pain and swelling in your joints (usually your big toe). Symptoms come and go in flares called gout attacks.

Gout - Wikipedia
Gout presenting as slight redness in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe Gout can present in several ways, although the most common is a recurrent attack of acute inflammatory arthritis (a red, tender, hot, swollen joint). [5] The metatarsophalangeal joint at the base of the big toe is affected most often, accounting for half of cases. [10] It can also involve midfoot structures ...

Gout: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Arthritis Foundation
Gout is the most common type of inflammatory arthritis. It causes sudden and intense attacks of joint pain, often in the big toe and at night. It can also strike joints in other toes or the ankle or knee. People with osteoarthritis in their fingers may experience their first gout attack in their finger joints. Men are three times more likely than women to develop gout. It tends to affect men ...

What Causes Gout and How Can You Prevent It? - Verywell Health
Gout is primarily caused by an excess of uric acid in the blood, leading to the formation of sharp crystals in joints that can cause intense pain and swelling. Knowing about dietary factors like high-purine foods and how to manage risk factors can help prevent flare-up symptoms.

How to Treat Gout Attacks at Home - WebMD
Gout causes uric acid build up that forms crystals inside your joint to bring on pain and discomfort. Learn what gout is and how to ease flare ups at WebMD.

Gout - NHS
Find out more about gout, a type of arthritis, including the symptoms, causes, when to get help and treatments.

Gout - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic
Treatment Two types of medicines treat gout. One type helps lessen the swelling, irritation and pain of gout attacks. The other type works to prevent gout complications by lowering uric acid in the blood. Which type of medicine is right for you depends on how often you get symptoms, how bad they are and other health conditions you have.

Gout Self-Care and Home Remedies
Gout is an inflammatory arthritis that causes pain, swelling and redness in your joints. When it strikes, it can linger for days — and symptoms can quickly get worse the longer it goes untreated.

Gout: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment - Patient
Gout causes attacks of pain and swelling in one or more joints. An anti-inflammatory painkiller usually eases an attack quickly.

* Rheumatology101 LATEST NEWS *

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Florida Father of 3 Thought Knee Pain Was Gout, Then Learned He Had Cancer  People.com
He thought it was gout. Doctors said he needed hospice. A clinical trial saved his life.  CBS News
AFib patients with gout face greater stroke risk—but therapy can help  Cardiovascular Business
Warning signs about gout  FOX 5 Atlanta
Managing Gout in Chronic Kidney Disease: Challenges & Evidence-Based Strategies  Physicians Weekly
Why Gout's Straightforward Biology and Large Unmet Need Make It an Overlooked Drug Development Opportunity, says Dr James Mackay, Crystalys Therapeutics CEO  BioPharm International
Doctors warn gout cases are rising as more Californians seek emergency care  KTVU
The Nurse Told Me I Had Gout. Then I Sent Feet Pics to ChatGPT.  The Free Press
It Took 10 Years to Diagnose This Doctor’s Gout. Now He’s Riding 525 Miles With It  Men's Fitness
Pain of Gout Hits More Americans: Study  ABC News - Breaking News, Latest News and Videos
Dear Doctor: Why are people who take iron supplements more susceptible to gout?  OregonLive.com
Warning signs of high uric acid, should see a doctor early  Laodong.vn
What Is Gout, and Why Is It on the Rise?  The New York Times
Gout cases on the rise globally: Men at greater risk; doctor explains early warning signs and preventive me...  Bhaskar English
You don't need a Gout attack to have high Uric Acid: The subtle symptoms doctors don't want you to ignore  The Times of India

Common Rheumatological Symptoms

Joint Pain (Arthralgia) — Persistent discomfort or soreness in one or more joints caused by inflammation, wear and tear, or underlying autoimmune responses.
Morning Stiffness — Reduced joint mobility and tightness upon waking, often lasting over 30 to 60 minutes in inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
Joint Swelling and Edema — Visible enlargement of affected joints resulting from fluid accumulation in the synovial membrane and inflamed surrounding tissue.
Localized Warmth and Redness — Elevated temperature and erythema skin discoloration surrounding inflamed joints due to increased blood flow from localized inflammation.
Systemic Fatigue — Overwhelming exhaustion and lack of energy caused by ongoing chronic inflammatory cytokine activity throughout the body.
Raynaud's Phenomenon — Temporary color changes in fingers or toes turning white, blue, and red in response to cold or stress due to vascular spasms.
Malar or Butterfly Rash — Red or purplish facial rash spanning across the bridge of the nose and cheeks, classically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Milestones in Rheumatology History

c. 400 BC: Hippocratic Corpus Coining — Hippocrates uses the term "rheuma" to describe body humors flowing into joints, establishing the early classical concept of joint inflammation.
1592: Formal Definition of Rheumatism — French physician Guillaume de Baillou introduces the modern term "rheumatism" to distinguish systemic acute arthritis from localized gout.
1800: Clinical Description of Rheumatoid Arthritis — Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais publishes the first detailed clinical description separating rheumatoid arthritis from gout, calling it "asthenic gout."
1859: Naming of Rheumatoid Arthritis — Sir Alfred Baring Garrod formally coins the term "rheumatoid arthritis" to clearly differentiate the inflammatory autoimmune condition from osteoarthritis and gout.
1940: Discovery of the Rheumatoid Factor — Erik Waaler discovers autoantibodies in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, laying the groundwork for serological autoimmune diagnostics.
1948: Introduction of Corticosteroid Therapy — Philip Hench and Edward Kendall demonstrate the dramatic anti-inflammatory effects of Compound E (cortisone) in treating rheumatoid arthritis, earning the Nobel Prize.
1998: Emergence of Biologic DMARDs — The FDA approves the first TNF-alpha inhibitors, ushering in the modern era of targeted biologic therapies for autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Current Trends in Rheumatology Research

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Reset Therapy — Investigating engineered cellular therapies to achieve drug-free, durable clinical remissions by completely depleting pathogenic autoantibodies in severe refractory lupus and systemic sclerosis.
Selective TYK2 and Oral JAK Pathway Inhibition — Developing highly targeted, small-molecule oral inhibitors like deucravacitinib that disrupt specific cytokine signaling pathways while minimizing broader off-target side effects.
Targeted Pathogenic T-Cell and B-Cell Depletion — Evaluating novel biologics, such as rosnilimab and ianalumab, designed to selectively deplete overactive immune cell subpopulations involved in rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's disease.
Biomarker-Driven Precision Medicine — Utilizing pharmacogenomics and molecular biomarkers to predict individualized therapeutic responses and match systemic autoimmune conditions to specific biological mechanisms.
Subclinical Interception and Disease Prevention — Identifying seropositive individuals early using high-risk autoantibody profiles to initiate preventive targeted therapies before irreversible joint damage occurs.
Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Disease Modeling — Deploying machine learning algorithms across electronic health records and imaging modalities to forecast inflammatory flares and refine diagnostic accuracy.