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Gout - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
Gout is a common form of arthritis that can affect anyone. It's known for sudden attacks of intense pain, swelling, redness and tenderness in one or more joints.

Gout - Wikipedia
Gout (/ ɡaʊt / GOWT[7]), also called rheumatic gout, is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of pain in a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint, [2][8] caused by the deposition of needle-shaped crystals of the monosodium salt of uric acid. [9]

痛风 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
痛風（英語： Gout，學名：metabolic arthritis），又稱代謝性關節炎。當涉及到跖趾關節時也稱為足痛風（Podagra） [1]。經常被描述為週期性發作的刺激性關節炎，造成關節紅、軟、熱、腫等現象 [2]。劇烈疼痛通常在十二小時內就發作。大約一半的病例會影響到跖趾關節 [3]。痛風也會導致痛风石、腎結石，或者急性尿酸腎病 [4]。導致痛風的原因結合了日常飲食和遺傳因素。痛風通常較容易發生在吃很多肉、喝很多啤酒或超重的人身上。潛在機制包含血液中尿酸水平的升高。當尿酸結晶後沉澱在關節、肌腱和周圍組織，就會形成痛風。痛風患者的關節液中能看見典型的尿酸結晶。血液中的尿酸有可能在痛風發作時恢復正常值 [4]。

Gout - NHS
Find out more about gout, a type of arthritis, including the symptoms, causes, when to get help and treatments.

Gout: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment - Cleveland Clinic
Gout is a form of arthritis that causes pain and swelling in your joints (usually your big toe). Symptoms come and go in flares called gout attacks.

Gout: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Arthritis Foundation
Gout is an inflammatory type of arthritis that can come and go. Gout is the most common type of inflammatory arthritis. It causes sudden and intense attacks of joint pain, often in the big toe and at night. It can also strike joints in other toes or the ankle or knee.

gout_百度百科
gout是痛风的英文名称，指因尿酸代谢异常引发的代谢性疾病。其核心病理表现为血液尿酸浓度超过420μmol/L（7.0mg/dL），导致尿酸结晶沉积于关节、肾脏等组织。临床表现涵盖急性单关节炎症、多发关节受累、痛风结节形成及肾脏损害。

Gout | Arthritis | CDC
Gout is a painful type of arthritis that usually affects one joint at a time, often the big toe. It causes periods of severe pain and swelling in the affected joint, called flares. There are treatments to reduce gout symptoms during a flare.

Gout Symptoms, Causes, & Risk Factors | NIAMS
Gout happens when urate, a substance in your body, builds up and forms needle-shaped crystals in your joints. This leads to pain, swelling, redness, and changes in the movement and use of the affected joint.

Gout - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic
Key medical information, including other conditions you have and any family history of gout. All medicines, vitamins and supplements you take, including dosages.

* Rheumatology101 News Today

          News Filter: "gout"

Warning signs about gout  FOX 5 Atlanta
Doctors warn gout cases are rising as more Californians seek emergency care  KTVU
What Is Gout, and Why Is It on the Rise?  The New York Times
Dear Doctor: Why are people who take iron supplements more susceptible to gout?  OregonLive.com
Why your uric acid can suddenly spike even if your diet hasn’t changed: Doctor explains hidden causes and simple ways to control it  The Times of India
GLP-1 Drugs Linked to Osteoporosis and Gout: Here’s How To Stay Safe  womansworld.com
How Top Experts Are Advancing Gout Care in the United States  Rheumatology Advisor
5 Medically-Approved Gout Treatments | Treatment for Gout  Harvard Health
Gout Flares Often Underreported in U.S. Adults With Gout  Physician's Weekly
Dr Ted Mikuls Discusses Study on Gout, Amputation Rates in Veterans  The American Journal of Managed Care
Pacific researcher warns TikTok myths places gout care at risk  Pacific Media Network
An Expert's View on Chronic Gout  Healthgrades Health Library
8 Gout Complications You Need to Know About  CreakyJoints
Signs of a Gout Flare to Look Out For  HealthCentral
Are your joints achy this winter?  PeaceHealth

Common Rheumatological Symptoms

Joint Pain (Arthralgia) — Persistent discomfort or soreness in one or more joints caused by inflammation, wear and tear, or underlying autoimmune responses.
Morning Stiffness — Reduced joint mobility and tightness upon waking, often lasting over 30 to 60 minutes in inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
Joint Swelling and Edema — Visible enlargement of affected joints resulting from fluid accumulation in the synovial membrane and inflamed surrounding tissue.
Localized Warmth and Redness — Elevated temperature and erythema skin discoloration surrounding inflamed joints due to increased blood flow from localized inflammation.
Systemic Fatigue — Overwhelming exhaustion and lack of energy caused by ongoing chronic inflammatory cytokine activity throughout the body.
Raynaud's Phenomenon — Temporary color changes in fingers or toes turning white, blue, and red in response to cold or stress due to vascular spasms.
Malar or Butterfly Rash — Red or purplish facial rash spanning across the bridge of the nose and cheeks, classically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Milestones in Rheumatology History

c. 400 BC: Hippocratic Corpus Coining — Hippocrates uses the term "rheuma" to describe body humors flowing into joints, establishing the early classical concept of joint inflammation.
1592: Formal Definition of Rheumatism — French physician Guillaume de Baillou introduces the modern term "rheumatism" to distinguish systemic acute arthritis from localized gout.
1800: Clinical Description of Rheumatoid Arthritis — Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais publishes the first detailed clinical description separating rheumatoid arthritis from gout, calling it "asthenic gout."
1859: Naming of Rheumatoid Arthritis — Sir Alfred Baring Garrod formally coins the term "rheumatoid arthritis" to clearly differentiate the inflammatory autoimmune condition from osteoarthritis and gout.
1940: Discovery of the Rheumatoid Factor — Erik Waaler discovers autoantibodies in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, laying the groundwork for serological autoimmune diagnostics.
1948: Introduction of Corticosteroid Therapy — Philip Hench and Edward Kendall demonstrate the dramatic anti-inflammatory effects of Compound E (cortisone) in treating rheumatoid arthritis, earning the Nobel Prize.
1998: Emergence of Biologic DMARDs — The FDA approves the first TNF-alpha inhibitors, ushering in the modern era of targeted biologic therapies for autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Current Trends in Rheumatology Research

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Reset Therapy — Investigating engineered cellular therapies to achieve drug-free, durable clinical remissions by completely depleting pathogenic autoantibodies in severe refractory lupus and systemic sclerosis.
Selective TYK2 and Oral JAK Pathway Inhibition — Developing highly targeted, small-molecule oral inhibitors like deucravacitinib that disrupt specific cytokine signaling pathways while minimizing broader off-target side effects.
Targeted Pathogenic T-Cell and B-Cell Depletion — Evaluating novel biologics, such as rosnilimab and ianalumab, designed to selectively deplete overactive immune cell subpopulations involved in rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's disease.
Biomarker-Driven Precision Medicine — Utilizing pharmacogenomics and molecular biomarkers to predict individualized therapeutic responses and match systemic autoimmune conditions to specific biological mechanisms.
Subclinical Interception and Disease Prevention — Identifying seropositive individuals early using high-risk autoantibody profiles to initiate preventive targeted therapies before irreversible joint damage occurs.
Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Disease Modeling — Deploying machine learning algorithms across electronic health records and imaging modalities to forecast inflammatory flares and refine diagnostic accuracy.