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Tendon (Sinew): What It Is, Anatomy & Function - Cleveland Clinic
Tendons (sinews) are fibrous tissues that connect your muscles to your bones all over your body. They allow your limbs to move and help prevent muscle injury.

Tendon - Wikipedia
It sends the mechanical forces of muscle contraction to the skeletal system, while withstanding tension. Tendons, like ligaments, are made of collagen. The difference is that ligaments connect bone to bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone. There are about 4,000 tendons in the adult human body. [1][2]

What Is a Tendon? Structure, Function, and Healing
A tendon is a tough, flexible cord of tissue that connects muscle to bone. Every time you move, whether walking, gripping a cup, or jumping, tendons are transmitting the force your muscles generate into the bones that actually move.

Tendons – Definition, Types, List of Tendons, Functions & More
Explore what tendons are, their types Learn about key tendons in the human body, the anatomy, major examples, and their critical functions.

Ligament vs. Tendon: What’s the Difference? - Healthline
You have thousands of ligaments and tendons in your body. Both are made of connective tissue and can be torn or overstretched, but they differ in function and are essential to proper body...

Tendon | Description & Function | Britannica
Tendons are the connective tissues that transmit the mechanical force of muscle contraction to the bones; the tendon is firmly connected to muscle fibres at one end and to components of the bone at its other end.

Tendons and Tendon Conditions - OrthoNJ
What Are Tendons? Tendons are strong, fibrous connective tissues that connect muscles to bones and they play a vital role in movement and stability.

What Are Tendons? How They Work and More - WebMD
Here’s all you need to know about tendons. What Are Tendons? A tendon is a flexible, cord or rope-like connective tissue. It forms a bridge that connects your muscles to your bones.

Understanding Tendons: Anatomy, Function, and Disorders That Can Affect ...
Tendons are tissues that play a crucial role in connecting muscles and bones, allowing for smooth movement. However, tendons are also very vulnerable to injury. Like other parts of the body, tendons can experience various disorders, such as inflammation and tears.

Foot & Ankle Tendons: Anatomy, Function & Injuries
There are a number of tendons located in the foot and ankle all responsible for different ankle, foot and toe movements. Tendons also help to provide stability around the foot and ankle.

* Rheumatology101 News Today

          News Filter: "tendons"

CT Scan Versus MRI Versus X-Ray: What Type of Imaging Do I Need?  Johns Hopkins Medicine
5 Tips to Prevent Elbow Tendonitis, According to a Doctor  Hartford Hospital
George Kittle injury: It could take San Francisco 49ers tight end up to 1 year to recover from Achilles tear, UCSF doctor says  ABC7 Bay Area
Klay Thompson, Kevin Durant perspective: A doctor on Achilles’ ruptures in basketball  The New York Times
Doctor Explains Moses Moody Surgery, Reveals Recovery Timeline After Injury  heavy.com
What doctors want patients to know about tendinitis  American Medical Association | AMA
Ankle Injuries — When to See a Doctor  Mass General Brigham
Bay Area doctor shoots down 'baseless' claim that 49ers injuries are caused by EMF from substation near Levi's Stadium  ABC7 Bay Area
UF Health researchers find quinolone ear drops associated with tendon ruptures  UF Health
Chronic Pain Relief Without Major Surgery: How Patricia Got Her Life Back  Hackensack Meridian Health
Kristaps Porzingis tendon injury similar to Curt Schilling's in 2004, Boston doctor says  CBS News
High satisfaction rates and positive outcomes for Bridle procedure for foot drop  Mayo Clinic
What Is Enthesitis? The Painful Arthritis Symptom You Should Know About  CreakyJoints
Wrist injuries: When to see a doctor  multicare.org
New procedure for tendon injuries can be done at doctor’s office  FOX Carolina News

Common Rheumatological Symptoms

Joint Pain (Arthralgia) — Persistent discomfort or soreness in one or more joints caused by inflammation, wear and tear, or underlying autoimmune responses.
Morning Stiffness — Reduced joint mobility and tightness upon waking, often lasting over 30 to 60 minutes in inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
Joint Swelling and Edema — Visible enlargement of affected joints resulting from fluid accumulation in the synovial membrane and inflamed surrounding tissue.
Localized Warmth and Redness — Elevated temperature and erythema skin discoloration surrounding inflamed joints due to increased blood flow from localized inflammation.
Systemic Fatigue — Overwhelming exhaustion and lack of energy caused by ongoing chronic inflammatory cytokine activity throughout the body.
Raynaud's Phenomenon — Temporary color changes in fingers or toes turning white, blue, and red in response to cold or stress due to vascular spasms.
Malar or Butterfly Rash — Red or purplish facial rash spanning across the bridge of the nose and cheeks, classically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Milestones in Rheumatology History

c. 400 BC: Hippocratic Corpus Coining — Hippocrates uses the term "rheuma" to describe body humors flowing into joints, establishing the early classical concept of joint inflammation.
1592: Formal Definition of Rheumatism — French physician Guillaume de Baillou introduces the modern term "rheumatism" to distinguish systemic acute arthritis from localized gout.
1800: Clinical Description of Rheumatoid Arthritis — Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais publishes the first detailed clinical description separating rheumatoid arthritis from gout, calling it "asthenic gout."
1859: Naming of Rheumatoid Arthritis — Sir Alfred Baring Garrod formally coins the term "rheumatoid arthritis" to clearly differentiate the inflammatory autoimmune condition from osteoarthritis and gout.
1940: Discovery of the Rheumatoid Factor — Erik Waaler discovers autoantibodies in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, laying the groundwork for serological autoimmune diagnostics.
1948: Introduction of Corticosteroid Therapy — Philip Hench and Edward Kendall demonstrate the dramatic anti-inflammatory effects of Compound E (cortisone) in treating rheumatoid arthritis, earning the Nobel Prize.
1998: Emergence of Biologic DMARDs — The FDA approves the first TNF-alpha inhibitors, ushering in the modern era of targeted biologic therapies for autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Current Trends in Rheumatology Research

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Reset Therapy — Investigating engineered cellular therapies to achieve drug-free, durable clinical remissions by completely depleting pathogenic autoantibodies in severe refractory lupus and systemic sclerosis.
Selective TYK2 and Oral JAK Pathway Inhibition — Developing highly targeted, small-molecule oral inhibitors like deucravacitinib that disrupt specific cytokine signaling pathways while minimizing broader off-target side effects.
Targeted Pathogenic T-Cell and B-Cell Depletion — Evaluating novel biologics, such as rosnilimab and ianalumab, designed to selectively deplete overactive immune cell subpopulations involved in rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's disease.
Biomarker-Driven Precision Medicine — Utilizing pharmacogenomics and molecular biomarkers to predict individualized therapeutic responses and match systemic autoimmune conditions to specific biological mechanisms.
Subclinical Interception and Disease Prevention — Identifying seropositive individuals early using high-risk autoantibody profiles to initiate preventive targeted therapies before irreversible joint damage occurs.
Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Disease Modeling — Deploying machine learning algorithms across electronic health records and imaging modalities to forecast inflammatory flares and refine diagnostic accuracy.